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UTF-8字符串长度
除了fedorqui的正确答案,我想展示字符串长度和字节长度之间的区别:
myvar='Généralités'
chrlen=${#myvar}
oLang=$LANG oLcAll=$LC_ALL
LANG=C LC_ALL=C
bytlen=${#myvar}
LANG=$oLang LC_ALL=$oLcAll
printf "%s is %d char len, but %d bytes len.\n" "${myvar}" $chrlen $bytlen
将呈现:
Généralités is 11 char len, but 14 bytes len.
你甚至可以查看存储的字符:
myvar='Généralités'
chrlen=${#myvar}
oLang=$LANG oLcAll=$LC_ALL
LANG=C LC_ALL=C
bytlen=${#myvar}
printf -v myreal "%q" "$myvar"
LANG=$oLang LC_ALL=$oLcAll
printf "%s has %d chars, %d bytes: (%s).\n" "${myvar}" $chrlen $bytlen "$myreal"
会回答:
Généralités has 11 chars, 14 bytes: ($'G\303\251n\303\251ralit\303\251s').
Nota:根据Isabell Cowan的评论,我已将设置添加到$LC_ALL以及printf。
论证的长度
参数与常规变量相同
strLen() {
local bytlen sreal oLang=$LANG oLcAll=$LC_ALL
LANG=C LC_ALL=C
bytlen=${#1}
printf -v sreal %q "$1"
LANG=$oLang LC_ALL=$oLcAll
printf "String '%s' is %d bytes, but %d chars len: %s.\n" "$1" $bytlen ${#1} "$sreal"
}
将作为
strLen théorème
String 'théorème' is 10 bytes, but 8 chars len: $'th\303\251or\303\250me'
有用的printf修正工具:
如果你:
for string in Généralités Language Théorème Février "Left: ←" "Yin Yang ☯";do
printf " - %-14s is %2d char length\n" "'$string'" ${#string}
done
- 'Généralités' is 11 char length
- 'Language' is 8 char length
- 'Théorème' is 8 char length
- 'Février' is 7 char length
- 'Left: ←' is 7 char length
- 'Yin Yang ☯' is 10 char length
不是很漂亮......为此,有一点功能:
strU8DiffLen () {
local bytlen oLang=$LANG oLcAll=$LC_ALL
LANG=C LC_ALL=C
bytlen=${#1}
LANG=$oLang LC_ALL=$oLcAll
return $(( bytlen - ${#1} ))
}
那么现在:
for string in Généralités Language Théorème Février "Left: ←" "Yin Yang ☯";do
strU8DiffLen "$string"
printf " - %-$((14+$?))s is %2d chars length, but use %2d bytes\n" \
"'$string'" ${#string} $((${#string}+$?))
done
- 'Généralités' is 11 chars length, but use 14 bytes
- 'Language' is 8 chars length, but use 8 bytes
- 'Théorème' is 8 chars length, but use 10 bytes
- 'Février' is 7 chars length, but use 8 bytes
- 'Left: ←' is 7 chars length, but use 9 bytes
- 'Yin Yang ☯' is 10 chars length, but use 12 bytes
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