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1.安装VMware12

2.安装ubantu14.04

3.VMware安装VMware tools：

1. 获取root权限：sudo su ——>切换到root
2. 下载VMware Tools 找到tar文件，将该文件，复制到TMP下面
3. 在，tmp目录下，解压 tar zxf vm………………gz(vmware tools文件明)：默认解压在当前目录，是个文件夹
4. 然后，进入解压的文件夹下，运行./vmware-install.pl
5. 一路按回车键就OK了
6. 装好了之后，最后，重启一下，不重启也没事，我试过

4.ubantu换源：

源目录：/etc/apt/sources.list

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS _Trusty Tahr_ - Release amd64 (20150218.1)]/ trusty main restricted# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to# newer versions of the distribution.deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricteddeb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the## distribution.deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricteddeb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universedeb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universedeb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universedeb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu## security team.deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiversedeb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiversedeb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiversedeb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricteddeb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricteddeb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universedeb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universedeb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiversedeb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's## 'partner' repository.## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party## developers who want to ship their latest software.deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty maindeb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main

2.执行：sudo apt-get update 更新源

5.ubantu调整分辨率

可选，不是必须

6.ubantu更换系统语言

1. 进入操作系统后, 点击左侧[系统设置], 英文为[System Settings…]
2. 在新页面点击[语言支持]英文为[Language Support], 注意如果没有中文语言需要进行安装, 另外登录用户用root用户, 不要用其他用户, 否则没有权限
3. 如果已经下载过中文, 直接在将中文拖动中文到第一行, 重启系统,如果没有就先下载,再选择应用到全局,之后将中文拖动到第一个,重启电脑

7.ubantu更新系统和软件

1. sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包
2. sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统
3. sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包
4. sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖

8.ubantu安装ssh服务

1. 安装服务器：sudo apt-get install openssh-server
2. 远程登录：ssh 用户名@IP ——->使用ssh访问，如访问出现错误。可查看是否有该文件 ～/.ssh/known_ssh 尝试删除该
   文件解决。

9.ubantu远程登录

1. ifconfig查看ubantu主机IP
2. SecureCRT用ssh2链接到ubantu远程操作
   注意修改SecureCTR链接的编码格式，选项->会话选项->外观->字符编码

ubantu修改ls输出文件的颜色

10.更新vim

1. 查看vim版本 :version
   查看vim目录 :whereis vim
2. 在命令行敲入“vi”后按”tab”键，可以看到目前系统中只安装了vi和vim.tiny。vim是从VI发展而来的一个文本编辑器，功能更强大。而vim.tiny是vim的精简版，所以，安装vim势在必行。
3. ubuntu系统：普通用户下输入命令：sudo apt-get install vim-gtk
   centos系统：普通用户下输入命令：yum -y install vim*
4. 这里，输入“y”后，回车。
5. 之后不需要任何操作，等待安装完成。安装完成之后，在命令行敲入vi，按“tab”键。可以看到，已经有vim命令的存在。安装成功。

sudo apt-get install vim-*所有都执行一遍 容易出错，注意做快照，dbkg依赖包错误，不是万不得已不要执行

caoxiaobo@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install vim

vim vim-gocomplete vim-nox vim-syntax-gtk

vim-addon-manager vim-gtk vim-puppet vim-tiny

vim-athena vim-gui-common vim-python-jedi vim-vimerl

vim-common vim-haproxy vim-rails vim-vimerl-syntax

vim-conque vimhelp-de vim-runtime vim-vimoutliner

vim-dbg vim-latexsuite vim-scripts vim-youcompleteme

vim-doc vim-lesstif vim-syntax-docker

vim-gnome vim-migemo vim-syntax-go

11.配置vim

1. 在命令行下，输入命令：sudo vim /etc/vim/vimrc
2. 在我记录文件夹下有vimconfig文件，将里面内容拷贝到~/.vimrc中，如果想全局使用要到root目录下面配置

" All system-wide defaults are set in $VIMRUNTIME/debian.vim (usually justruntime! debian.vim" Uncomment the next line to make Vim more Vi-compatible" NOTE: debian.vim sets 'nocompatible'.  Setting 'compatible' changes numerous" options, so any other options should be set AFTER setting 'compatible'."set compatible" Vim5 and later versions support syntax highlighting. Uncommenting the next" line enables syntax highlighting by default.if has("syntax")    syntax onendif" If using a dark background within the editing area and syntax highlighting" turn on this option as well"set background=dark" Uncomment the following to have Vim jump to the last position when" reopening a file"if has("autocmd")"  au BufReadPost * if line("'\"") > 1 && line("'\"") <= line("$") | exe "normal! g'\"" | endif"endif" Uncomment the following to have Vim load indentation rules and plugins" according to the detected filetype."if has("autocmd")"  filetype plugin indent on"endif" The following are commented out as they cause vim to behave a lot" diferently from regular Vi. They are highly recommended though."set showcmd        " Show (partial) command in status line."set showmatch      " Show matching brackets."set ignorecase     " Do case insensitive matching"set smartcase      " Do smart case matching"set incsearch      " Incremental search"set autowrite      " Automatically save before commands like :next and :make"set hidden             " Hide buffers when they are abandoned"set mouse=a        " Enable mouse usage (all modes)" Source a global configuration file if availableif filereadable("/etc/vim/vimrc.local")source /etc/vim/vimrc.localendifset nu"显示行号set autoindentset cindentset fileformats+=dosset tabstop=4set softtabstop=4set shiftwidth=4"将所有的\t 换成空格set expandtabset encoding=utf-8  fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936set hlsearch"设置高亮显示颜色set nocompatibleset backspace=indent,eol,start"防止vim出现编辑模式不让使用方向键和删除键set statusline=[%F]%y%r%m%*%=[Line:%l/%L,Column:%c][%p%%]set laststatus=2"在倒数第二行状态栏显示当前编辑文件的目录信息，行数，列数，和当前行数百分比"hi Comment ctermfg=6"修改注释字体颜色 7为白色"vmap 
   
     dO#endif
    
     PO#if 0
     
        "大写V , CTRL+SHIFT+P 多行注释"vmap 
      
        dO/* */
       
        "大写V , CTRL+SHIFT+L 单行注释"--------------------------------------""  DoxygenToolkit 配置""--------------------------------------let g:DoxygenToolkit_briefTag_pre="@brief  "let g:DoxygenToolkit_paramTag_pre="@param "let g:DoxygenToolkit_returnTag="@returns   "let g:DoxygenToolkit_blockHeader="-------------------------------------------"let g:DoxygenToolkit_blockFooter="-------------------------------------------"let g:DoxygenToolkit_authorName="ace"let g:DoxygenToolkit_licenseTag="GPL 2.0"let g:DoxygenToolkit_authorName="liu_danbing"let s:licenseTag = "Copyright(C)\
        
         "let s:licenseTag = s:licenseTag . "基础库的基本实现\
         
          "let s:licenseTag = s:licenseTag . "主要参考资源:
          
           (David R.Hanson)\
           
            "let s:licenseTag = s:licenseTag . "用于个人练习和知识积累\
            
             "let g:DoxygenToolkit_licenseTag = s:licenseTaglet g:DoxygenToolkit_briefTag_funcName="yes"let g:doxygen_enhanced_color=1map ff :Dox
             
              map fa :DoxAuthor
              
               map fl :DoxLic
               
                map fb :DoxBlock
                
                 map fc O/* */
                 
                  
                   nmap 
                   
                     :DoxAuthor
                    
                     nmap 
                     
                       :Dox
                      
                       nmap 
                       
                         :tabn
                        
                         nmap 
                         
                           :tabp
                          
                           nmap 
                           
                             :tabnew
                            
                             """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" taglists"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""let Tlist_Show_One_File=1 " 只显示当前 buffer 的 tagslet Tlist_Exit_OnlyWindow=1 " 在只剩下 taglist 窗口后退出。多个 buffer 时可能会因为 minibuffer 的存在而不会退出。"let Tlist_File_Fold_Auto_Close=1 " 自动折叠其它缓冲的 tags。在打开 Tlist_Show_One_File 后意义不大。因为只显示一个缓冲区。nmap 
                             
                               :Tlist
                              
                               nmap 
                               
                                 :TlistUpdate
                                
                                 map tl :Tlist
                                 
                                  map tu :TlistUpdate
                                  
                                   map tt : autostart
                                   
                                    """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" taglistsnmap tag :!ctags -R --c++-kinds=+p --fields=+iaS --extra=+q"""""新文件标题"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""新建.c,.h,.sh,.java文件，自动插入文件头 autocmd BufNewFile *.cpp,*.[ch],*.sh,*.java exec ":call SetTitle()" ""定义函数SetTitle，自动插入文件头 func SetTitle() "如果文件类型为.sh文件 "if &filetype == 'sh' " call setline(1,"\#########################################################################") " call append(line("."), "\# File Name: ".expand("%")) " call append(line(".")+1, "\# Author: liudanbing") " call append(line(".")+2, "\# mail: danbing_at@163.com") " call append(line(".")+3, "\# Created Time: ".strftime("%c")) " call append(line(".")+4, "\#########################################################################") " call append(line(".")+5, "\#!/bin/bash") " call append(line(".")+6, "") "else " call setline(1, "/*************************************************************************") " call append(line("."), " > File Name: ".expand("%")) " call append(line(".")+1, " > Author: liudanbing") " call append(line(".")+2, " > Mail: danbing_at@163.com ") " call append(line(".")+3, " > Created Time: ".strftime("%c")) " call append(line(".")+4, " ************************************************************************/") " call append(line(".")+5, "") "endif if &filetype == 'cpp' call setline(1, "#include 
                                    
                                     ") call append(line("."), "#include
                                     
                                      ") call append(line(".")+1, "using namespace std;") call append(line(".")+2, "") call append(line(".")+3, "int main(int argc, char *argv[])") call append(line(".")+4, "{") call append(line(".")+5, "") call append(line(".")+6, "\treturn 0;") call append(line(".")+7, "}") endif if &filetype == 'c' call setline(1, "#include 
                                      
                                       ") call append(line("."), "#include 
                                       
                                        ") call append(line(".")+1, "#include 
                                        
                                         ") call append(line(".")+2, "#include 
                                         
                                          ") call append(line(".")+3, "#include 
                                          
                                           ") call append(line(".")+4, "") call append(line(".")+5, "int main(int argc, char *argv[])") call append(line(".")+6, "{") call append(line(".")+7, "") call append(line(".")+8, "\treturn 0;") call append(line(".")+9, "}") endif "新建文件后，自动定位到文件末尾 autocmd BufNewFile * normal Gendfunc
                                          
                                         
                                        
                                       
                                      
                                     
                                    
                                   
                                  
                                 
                                
                               
                              
                             
                            
                           
                          
                         
                        
                       
                      
                     
                    
                   
                  
                 
                
               
              
             
            
           
          
         
        
       
      
     
    
   

3.配置vim插件

这有一条牛逼的命令，一句话配置vim和vim插件

wget -qO- https://raw.github.com/ma6174/vim/master/setup.sh | sh -x

12.ubuntu中apt-get的默认安装路径

12.1 下载软件所在路径：

/var/cache/apt/archives

12.2 ubuntu 默认的PATH为:

PATH=/home/brightman/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games

12.3 apt-get install [包名]

安装目录是包的维护者确定的，不是用户。

dpkg -L +软件包的名字，可以知道这个软件包包含了哪些文件......

12.4 安装的目录结构

系统安装软件一般在/usr/share

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