本文共 17780 字,大约阅读时间需要 59 分钟。
原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/qq_26411333/article/details/52056809
volley修改源码原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/Jiang_Rong_Tao/article/details/51304796
忽略证书认证的原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/zi413293813/article/details/42874299
导语
-
官方文档:
-
Https使用了数字签名,对于数字签名的理解,
-
数字签名一般会使用RSA,对于RSA算法的理解,阮一峰也提供两篇生动的文章来说明:
如果看到一大段数学公式就不想往下看的同学,我这里给个简化版的:
将两个大质数相乘十分容易,但是想要对其乘积进行因式分解却极其困难,给出了的例子:
将
1230186684530117755130494958384962720772853569595334
7921973224521517264005072636575187452021997864693899
5647494277406384592519255732630345373154826850791702
6122142913461670429214311602221240479274737794080665
351419597459856902143413
分解成两个质数的乘积,因为现在的方法只能暴力破解,以目前电子计算机的运算速率来看,即使破解了,也会耗费相当长的时间,导致破解行为本身没有什么意义
一般网站的链接
google给的示例代码有些过于简单,我添加了一些东西,复制粘贴就可以运行:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); new Thread() { @Override public void run() { try { URL url = new URL("https://wikipedia.org"); URLConnection urlConnection = url.openConnection(); InputStream in = urlConnection.getInputStream(); printInputStream(in); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }.start(); } private void printInputStream(InputStream is){ BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is)); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); String line = null; try { while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { sb.append(line + "\n"); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } String rs = sb.toString(); Log.e("inputSteam",rs); }} 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
正常访问,结果为:
有数字签名的网站
不做任何处理
将上面代码的第11行的网址改为:
运行的结果会报错:
官方给的处理
这里同样处理一下细节,复制可以直接运行
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private final String load = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" + "MIIEBzCCA3CgAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADCBlDELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxCzAJBgNVBAgT\n" + "AldBMSEwHwYDVQQKExhVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFdhc2hpbmd0b24xFDASBgNVBAsTC1VXIFNlcnZp\n" + "Y2VzMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5VVyBTZXJ2aWNlcyBDQTEmMCQGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYXaGVscEBjYWMud2Fz\n" + "aGluZ3Rvbi5lZHUwHhcNMDMwMjI1MTgyNTA5WhcNMzAwOTAzMTgyNTA5WjCBlDELMAkGA1UEBhMC\n" + "VVMxCzAJBgNVBAgTAldBMSEwHwYDVQQKExhVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFdhc2hpbmd0b24xFDASBgNV\n" + "BAsTC1VXIFNlcnZpY2VzMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5VVyBTZXJ2aWNlcyBDQTEmMCQGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYX\n" + "aGVscEBjYWMud2FzaGluZ3Rvbi5lZHUwgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBALwCo6h4\n" + "T44m+7ve+BrnEqflqBISFaZTXyJTjIVQ39ZWhE0B3LafbbZYju0imlQLG+MEVAtNDdiYICcBcKsa\n" + "pr2dxOi31Nv0moCkOj7iQueMVU4E1TghYIR2I8hqixFCQIP/CMtSDail/POzFzzdVxI1pv2wRc5c\n" + "L6zNwV25gbn3AgMBAAGjggFlMIIBYTAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUVdfBM8b6k/gnPcsgS/VajliXfXQwgcEG\n" + "A1UdIwSBuTCBtoAUVdfBM8b6k/gnPcsgS/VajliXfXShgZqkgZcwgZQxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMQsw\n" + "CQYDVQQIEwJXQTEhMB8GA1UEChMYVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBXYXNoaW5ndG9uMRQwEgYDVQQLEwtV\n" + "VyBTZXJ2aWNlczEXMBUGA1UEAxMOVVcgU2VydmljZXMgQ0ExJjAkBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWF2hlbHBA\n" + "Y2FjLndhc2hpbmd0b24uZWR1ggEAMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wKwYDVR0RBCQwIoYgaHR0cDovL2Nl\n" + "cnRzLmNhYy53YXNoaW5ndG9uLmVkdS8wQQYDVR0fBDowODA2oDSgMoYwaHR0cDovL2NlcnRzLmNh\n" + "Yy53YXNoaW5ndG9uLmVkdS9VV1NlcnZpY2VzQ0EuY3JsMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBAUAA4GBAIn0PNmI\n" + "JjT9bM5d++BtQ5UpccUBI9XVh1sCX/NdxPDZ0pPCw7HOOwILumpulT9hGZm9Rd+W4GnNDAMV40we\n" + "s8REptvOZObBBrjaaphDe1D/MwnrQythmoNKc33bFg9RotHrIfT4EskaIXSx0PywbyfIR1wWxMpr\n" + "8gbCjAEUHNF/\n" + "-----END CERTIFICATE-----"; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); new Thread() { @Override public void run() { super.run(); URL url = null; HttpsURLConnection urlConnection = null; InputStream in = null; try { //1.生成证书:Certificate CertificateFactory cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509"); InputStream caInput = new ByteArrayInputStream(load.getBytes()); Certificate ca = null; try { ca = cf.generateCertificate(caInput); System.out.println("ca=" + ((X509Certificate) ca).getSubjectDN()); } catch (CertificateException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { caInput.close(); } //2.初始化公钥:keyStore String keyStoreType = KeyStore.getDefaultType(); KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyStoreType); keyStore.load(null, null); keyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", ca); //3.初始化TrustManagerFactory String tmfAlgorithm = TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm(); TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(tmfAlgorithm); tmf.init(keyStore); //4.初始化sslContext SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); context.init(null, tmf.getTrustManagers(), null); //5.建立Https链接 url = new URL("https://certs.cac.washington.edu/CAtest/"); //注意,这里是HttpsURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection(); urlConnection.setSSLSocketFactory(context.getSocketFactory()); in = urlConnection.getInputStream(); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (CertificateException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (KeyStoreException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (KeyManagementException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } copyInputStreamToOutputStream(in); } }.start(); } private void copyInputStreamToOutputStream(InputStream is) { if (is == null) return; BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is)); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); String line = null; try { while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { sb.append(line + "\n"); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } Log.e("inputstrem", sb.toString()); }} 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109
运行结果:
第二行的load的由来:
- 下载load-der.crt
- 在cmd中输入命令:keytool -printcert -rfc -file 文件地址
实现的流程也很简单:
开始生成证书:Certificate初始化公钥:keyStore初始化TrustManagerFactory初始化sslContext建立Https链接后续的处理
Volley的示例
在实际开发中,我们使用网络框架来进行网络中的交互,所以上面的代码肯定是用不到的;现在通用的网络请求框架,都给HTTPS请求留出了空间来实现,下面以Volley为例:
public class MainActivity extends Activity { private final String load = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" + "MIIEBzCCA3CgAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADCBlDELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxCzAJBgNVBAgT\n" + "AldBMSEwHwYDVQQKExhVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFdhc2hpbmd0b24xFDASBgNVBAsTC1VXIFNlcnZp\n" + "Y2VzMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5VVyBTZXJ2aWNlcyBDQTEmMCQGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYXaGVscEBjYWMud2Fz\n" + "aGluZ3Rvbi5lZHUwHhcNMDMwMjI1MTgyNTA5WhcNMzAwOTAzMTgyNTA5WjCBlDELMAkGA1UEBhMC\n" + "VVMxCzAJBgNVBAgTAldBMSEwHwYDVQQKExhVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFdhc2hpbmd0b24xFDASBgNV\n" + "BAsTC1VXIFNlcnZpY2VzMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5VVyBTZXJ2aWNlcyBDQTEmMCQGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYX\n" + "aGVscEBjYWMud2FzaGluZ3Rvbi5lZHUwgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBALwCo6h4\n" + "T44m+7ve+BrnEqflqBISFaZTXyJTjIVQ39ZWhE0B3LafbbZYju0imlQLG+MEVAtNDdiYICcBcKsa\n" + "pr2dxOi31Nv0moCkOj7iQueMVU4E1TghYIR2I8hqixFCQIP/CMtSDail/POzFzzdVxI1pv2wRc5c\n" + "L6zNwV25gbn3AgMBAAGjggFlMIIBYTAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUVdfBM8b6k/gnPcsgS/VajliXfXQwgcEG\n" + "A1UdIwSBuTCBtoAUVdfBM8b6k/gnPcsgS/VajliXfXShgZqkgZcwgZQxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMQsw\n" + "CQYDVQQIEwJXQTEhMB8GA1UEChMYVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBXYXNoaW5ndG9uMRQwEgYDVQQLEwtV\n" + "VyBTZXJ2aWNlczEXMBUGA1UEAxMOVVcgU2VydmljZXMgQ0ExJjAkBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWF2hlbHBA\n" + "Y2FjLndhc2hpbmd0b24uZWR1ggEAMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wKwYDVR0RBCQwIoYgaHR0cDovL2Nl\n" + "cnRzLmNhYy53YXNoaW5ndG9uLmVkdS8wQQYDVR0fBDowODA2oDSgMoYwaHR0cDovL2NlcnRzLmNh\n" + "Yy53YXNoaW5ndG9uLmVkdS9VV1NlcnZpY2VzQ0EuY3JsMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBAUAA4GBAIn0PNmI\n" + "JjT9bM5d++BtQ5UpccUBI9XVh1sCX/NdxPDZ0pPCw7HOOwILumpulT9hGZm9Rd+W4GnNDAMV40we\n" + "s8REptvOZObBBrjaaphDe1D/MwnrQythmoNKc33bFg9RotHrIfT4EskaIXSx0PywbyfIR1wWxMpr\n" + "8gbCjAEUHNF/\n" + "-----END CERTIFICATE-----"; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); //生成SSLSocketFactory SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory = initSSLSocketFactory(); //HurlStack两个参数默认都是null,如果传入SSLSocketFactory,那么会以Https的方式来请求网络 HurlStack stack = new HurlStack(null, sslSocketFactory); //通常,我们调用的是Volley.newRequestQueue(context),HurlStack为默认的,也就是不处理Https的情况 //现在传入处理Https的HurlStack,Volley就会去处理相应的请求 RequestQueue requestQueue = Volley.newRequestQueue(this, stack); //去访问网络 StringRequest request = new StringRequest("https://certs.cac.washington.edu/CAtest/", new Response.Listener () { @Override public void onResponse(String response) { Log.e("onResponse", response); } }, new Response.ErrorListener() { @Override public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) { Log.e("error", error.getMessage()); } }); requestQueue.add(request); } /** * 生成SSLSocketFactory * 这里的代码与之前相比,没有什么不同 * * @return */ private SSLSocketFactory initSSLSocketFactory() { //生成证书:Certificate CertificateFactory cf = null; SSLSocketFactory factory = null; try { cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509"); InputStream caInput = new ByteArrayInputStream(load.getBytes()); Certificate ca = null; try { ca = cf.generateCertificate(caInput); } finally { try { caInput.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //初始化公钥:keyStore String keyType = KeyStore.getDefaultType(); KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyType); keyStore.load(null, null); keyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", ca); //初始化TrustManagerFactory String algorithm = TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm(); TrustManagerFactory managerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(algorithm); managerFactory.init(keyStore); //初始化sslContext SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); sslContext.init(null, managerFactory.getTrustManagers(), null); factory = sslContext.getSocketFactory(); } catch (CertificateException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (KeyStoreException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (KeyManagementException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return factory; }} 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108
结果展示:
示例代码很简单,如果有需要,在项目里稍微写写代码,就可以集成进去。
成熟网络请求框架都给使用者留出了传递“SSLSocketFactory ”的入口,仔细阅读下网络请求框架初始化的代码,就可以找对应的地方。
结语
HTTPS认证貌似要花不少的银子,一般各位也不会用到,如果要使用HTTPS,可以参考下上面的示例代码。另外,开头推荐阮一峰的几篇文章,希望各位看官查阅。
忽略证书验证:
- public static StringBuffer post(String urlString, String param) {
- StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
- URL url = null;
- HttpURLConnection connection = null;
- DataOutputStream out = null;
- BufferedReader in = null;
- try {
- url = new URL(urlString);
-
-
-
- if (url.getProtocol().toUpperCase().equals("HTTPS")) {
- trustAllHosts();
- HttpsURLConnection https = (HttpsURLConnection) url
- .openConnection();
- https.setHostnameVerifier(HttpIgnoreSSL.DO_NOT_VERIFY);
- connection = https;
- } else {
- connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
- }
-
- connection.setReadTimeout(10000);
- connection.setDoInput(true);
- connection.setDoOutput(true);
- connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
- connection.setUseCaches(false);
- connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
- connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
- "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
- connection.connect();
- out = new DataOutputStream(
- connection.getOutputStream());
- out.writeBytes(param);
- out.flush();
-
- in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
- connection.getInputStream()), 512);
- String line;
- while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
- sb.append(line.trim());
- }
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }finally {
- if (out != null) {
- try {
- out.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- }
- }
- if (in != null) {
- try {
- in.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- }
- }
- if (connection != null) {
- connection.disconnect();
- }
- }
- return sb;
- }
- public static void trustAllHosts() {
-
-
- TrustManager[] trustAllCerts = new TrustManager[] { new X509TrustManager() {
- public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
- return new java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] {};
- }
-
- public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,
- String authType) throws CertificateException {
- }
-
- public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,
- String authType) throws CertificateException {
- }
- } };
-
-
- try {
- SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
- sc.init(null, trustAllCerts, new java.security.SecureRandom());
- HttpsURLConnection
- .setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(sc.getSocketFactory());
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public final static HostnameVerifier DO_NOT_VERIFY = new HostnameVerifier() {
- public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
- return true;
- }
- };
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