substr('This is a test',6,2)wouldreturn 'is' substr('This is a test',6)wouldreturn 'is a test' substr('TechOnTheNet',1,4)wouldreturn 'Tech' substr('TechOnTheNet', -3,3)wouldreturn 'Net' substr('TechOnTheNet', -6,3)wouldreturn 'The' substr('TechOnTheNet', -8,2)wouldreturn 'On'