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Tkinter是 Python 的标准 GUI 库。Python 使用 Tkinter 可以快速的创建 GUI 应用程序。

由于 Tkinter 是内置到 python 的安装包中、只要安装好 Python 之后就能import Tkinter 库、而且 IDLE 也是用 Tkinter 编写而成、对于简单的图形界面 Tkinter 还是能应付自如。

首先先我们先定义几个按键和颜色、背景框大小等信息

KEY_UP = "'w'"KEY_DOWN = "'s'"KEY_LEFT = "'a'"KEY_RIGHT = "'d'"BACKGROUND_COLOR_GAME = "#92877d"BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY = "#9e948a"BACKGROUND_COLOR_DICT = {
      2:"#eee4da", 4:"#ede0c8", 8:"#f2b179", 16:"#f59563", \                            32:"#f67c5f", 64:"#f65e3b", 128:"#edcf72", 256:"#edcc61", \                            512:"#edc850", 1024:"#edc53f", 2048:"#edc22e" }CELL_COLOR_DICT = {
    2:"#776e65", 4:"#776e65", 8:"#f9f6f2", 16:"#f9f6f2", \                    32:"#f9f6f2", 64:"#f9f6f2", 128:"#f9f6f2", 256:"#f9f6f2", \                    512:"#f9f6f2", 1024:"#f9f6f2", 2048:"#f9f6f2" }FONT = ("Verdana", 40, "bold")SIZE = 500GRID_LEN = 4GRID_PADDING = 10

接着我们来写一个GameGrid类，这个类继承自Tkinter的Frame

class GameGrid(Frame):    def __init__(self):        Frame.__init__(self)        self.commands = {
   KEY_UP: up, KEY_DOWN: down, KEY_LEFT: left, KEY_RIGHT: right}    def init_grid(self):        pass    def gen(self):        pass    def init_matrix(self):        pass    def update_grid_cells(self):        pass            def key_down(self, event):        pass    def generate_next(self):        pass

定好框架后，我们来写各个函数，先来写一个矩阵处理函数reverse，这个函数主要将矩阵

'''1 2 3     3 2 14 5 6 ==> 6 5 47 8 9     9 8 7'''def reverse(mat):    new=[]    x=y=len(mat)    for i in range(x):        new.append([])        for j in range(y):            new[i].append(mat[i][y-j-1])    return new

接着定义函数transpose，计算矩阵转置

'''1 2 3     1 4 74 5 6 ==> 2 5 87 8 9     3 6 9'''def transpose(mat):    new=[]    x=y=len(mat)    for i in range(y):        new.append([])        for j in range(x):            new[i].append(mat[j][i])    return new

定义函数cover_up

''' 0  0  2  1       2  1  0  0 6  6  5  4  ==>  6  6  5  4 0  9  8  7       9  8  7  010 11 12 13      10 11 12 13'''def cover_up(mat):    x=y=len(mat)    new=[x*[0] for i in range(y)]    done=False    for i in range(x):        count=0        for j in range(y):            if mat[i][j]!=0:                new[i][count]=mat[i][j]                if j!=count:                    done=True                count+=1    return (new,done)

定义函数merge，也就是一个合并函数

''' 0  0  2  1       2  1  0  0 6  6  5  4  ==> 12  0  5  4 0  9  8  7       9  8  7  010 11 12 13      10 11 12 13'''def merge(mat):    done=False    x=y=len(mat)    for i in range(x):         for j in range(y-1):             if mat[i][j]==mat[i][j+1] and mat[i][j]!=0:                 mat[i][j]*=2                 mat[i][j+1]=0                 done=True    return (mat,done)

接着我们处理up、down、right、left函数

''' 0  0  2  1       6  6  2  1 6  6  5  4  ==> 10  9  5  4 0  9  8  7       0 11  8  710 11 12 13       0  0 12 13'''def up(game):        game=transpose(game)        game,done=cover_up(game)        temp=merge(game)        game=temp[0]        done=done or temp[1]        game=cover_up(game)[0]        game=transpose(game)        return (game,done)''' 0  0  2  1       0  0  2  1 6  6  5  4  ==>  0  6  5  4 0  9  8  7       6  9  8  710 11 12 13      10 11 12 13'''def down(game):        game=reverse(transpose(game))        game,done=cover_up(game)        temp=merge(game)        game=temp[0]        done=done or temp[1]        game=cover_up(game)[0]        game=transpose(reverse(game))        return (game,done)''' 0  0  2  1       2  1  0  0 6  6  5  4  ==> 12  5  4  0 0  9  8  7       9  8  7  010 11 12 13      10 11 12 13'''def left(game):        game,done=cover_up(game)        temp=merge(game)        game=temp[0]        done=done or temp[1]        game=cover_up(game)[0]        return (game,done)''' 0  0  2  1       0  0  2  1 6  6  5  4  ==>  0 12  5  4 0  9  8  7       0  9  8  010 11 12 13      10 11 12 13'''def right(game):        game=reverse(game)        game,done=cover_up(game)        temp=merge(game)        game=temp[0]        done=done or temp[1]        game=cover_up(game)[0]        game=reverse(game)        return (game,done)

接着定义init_grid这个图像初始化函数

def init_grid(self):    #定义背景颜色和大小    background = Frame(self, bg=BACKGROUND_COLOR_GAME, width=SIZE, height=SIZE)    #绘制背景    background.grid()    for i in range(GRID_LEN):        grid_row = []        for j in range(GRID_LEN):            #定义每个背景小方格的颜色和大小            cell = Frame(background, bg=BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY, width=SIZE/GRID_LEN, height=SIZE/GRID_LEN)            #填充小方格的分割线            cell.grid(row=i, column=j, padx=GRID_PADDING, pady=GRID_PADDING)            #将label加入到frame中            t = Label(master=cell, text="", bg=BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY, justify=CENTER, font=FONT, width=4, height=2)            t.grid()            grid_row.append(t)            self.grid_cells.append(grid_row)

接着我们定义一个产生随机数的函数gen

def gen():    #产生[0, GRID_LEN-1]之间的随机数    return randint(0, GRID_LEN - 1)

接着我们开始定义游戏逻辑函数，首先定义new_game函数，这个函数用来初始化n*n矩阵为0

def new_game(n):    matrix = [[0]*n for i in range(n)]    return matrix

接着我们定义坐标产生函数generate_next

def generate_next(self):    #产生随机坐标xy    index = (self.gen(), self.gen())    #如果坐标xy格子对应的数字不是0的话，重新产生坐标    while self.matrix[index[0]][index[1]] != 0:        index = (self.gen(), self.gen())    self.matrix[index[0]][index[1]] = 2

接着我们定义矩阵初始化函数init_matrix（逻辑上）

def init_matrix(self):    #初始化矩阵    self.matrix = new_game(4)    #随机初始化两个格子    self.generate_next()    self.generate_next()

接着我们定义格子初始化函数update_grid_cells（图形上）

def update_grid_cells(self):    for i in range(GRID_LEN):        for j in range(GRID_LEN):            #获取每个格子的数值            new_number = self.matrix[i][j]            #如果格子的数值为0，设置对应的格子背景颜色            if new_number == 0:                self.grid_cells[i][j].configure(text="", bg=BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY)            else:#如果格子的数值不为0，设置对应的格子背景颜色，不同数字对应不同背景                self.grid_cells[i][j].configure(text=str(new_number), bg=BACKGROUND_COLOR_DICT[new_number], fg=CELL_COLOR_DICT[new_number])    #更新所有的操作    self.update_idletasks()

我们定义游戏状态函数game_state

def game_state(mat):    x=y=len(mat)    for i in range(x):        for j in range(y):            #如果矩阵有数是2048，那么就赢了            if mat[i][j]==2048:                return 'win'    for i in range(x-1):         for j in range(y-1):             if mat[i][j]==mat[i+1][j] or mat[i][j+1]==mat[i][j]:                return 'not over'    for i in range(x):         for j in range(len(y):            if mat[i][j]==0:                return 'not over'    for k in range(x-1):         if mat[x-1][k]==mat[x-1][k+1]:            return 'not over'    for j in range(x-1):         if mat[j][x-1]==mat[j+1][x-1]:            return 'not over'    return 'lose'

接着我们定义按键处理函数key_down

def key_down(self, event):    #得到输入的按键    key = repr(event.char)    if key in self.commands:        self.matrix,done = self.commands[key](self.matrix)        if done:            #产生新的坐标            self.generate_next()            #图形上更新小方格            self.update_grid_cells()            done=False            #如果游戏状态为赢的话            if game_state(self.matrix)=='win':                self.grid_cells[1][1].configure(text="You",bg=BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY)                self.grid_cells[1][2].configure(text="Win!",bg=BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY)            #如果游戏状态为输的话            if game_state(self.matrix)=='lose':                self.grid_cells[1][1].configure(text="You",bg=BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY)                self.grid_cells[1][2].configure(text="Lose!",bg=BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY)

回顾上面的所有细节，我们发现最困难的地方就在于矩阵的处理上面

项目地址，give me a star O(∩_∩)O！

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