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/bin是超级用户和一般用户都可以使用的命令；/usr/bin是安装的软件的命令  usr表示的是unix software source

/opt:对于第三方软件，如果是自动安装，那么一般会安装在此目录下面。比如qq

According to the FHS, the / directory must contain, or have

links to, the following directories:

bin — This directory contains command files for use by the

system administrator or other users. The bin directory can

not contain subdirectories.

boot — On Red Hat systems, this is the directory

containing the kernel, the core of the operating system. Also

in this directory are files related to booting the system, such

as the bootloader.

dev — This directory contains files with information about

devices, either hardware or software devices, on the system.

etc — This directory and its subdirectories contain most of

the system configuration files. If you have the X Window

System installed on your system, the X11 subdirectory is

located here. Networking related files are in the subdirectory

sysconfig.

Another subdirectory of etc is the skel directory, which is

used to create files in users’ home directories when the users

are created.

home — This directory contains the directories of users on

the system. Subdirectories of home will be named for the

user to whom they belong.

lib — The shared system files and kernel modules are

contained in this directory and its subdirectories.

mnt — This directory is the location of the mount point for

temporary file systems, such as a floppy or CD.

opt — This directory and its subdirectories are often used

to hold applications installed on the system.

proc — Information about system processes is included in

this directory.

root — This is the home directory of the root user. Don’t

confuse this with the / directory, which has the same name.

sbin — Contained in this directory are system binaries

used by the system administrator or the root user.

tmp — This directory contains temporary files used by the

system.

usr — This directory is often mounted on its own partition.

It contains shareable, read-only data. Subdirectories can be

used for applications,

typically under /usr/local.

var — Subdirectories and files under var contain variable

information, such as system logs and print queues

【Some important /proc files are】：

/proc/cpuinfo — contains info about the CPU

/proc/interrupts — tells you what interrupts are in use

/proc/scsi — tells you what kind of SCSI adapter is installed

/proc/parport — contains info about the parallel ports on

your system

/proc/tty — contains info about ttys that are available and in

use

/proc/apm — contains advanced power management

information

/proc/bus — a directory that contains bus-specific

information

/proc/devices — lists available character and block devices

/proc/dma — lists used DMS channels

/proc/filesystems — lists supported file systems

/proc/fs — contains file system parameters

/proc/ide — directory that contains information about the IDE

subsystem

/proc/ioports — contains information about system I/O port

usage

/proc/modules — contains a list of currently loaded modules

/proc/net — contains networking information

/proc/uptime — contains the system uptime

/proc/version — contains the system version

1、/bin ：获得最小的系统可操作性所需要的命令

2、/boot ：内核和加载内核所需的文件 3、/dev ：终端、磁盘、调制解调器等的设备项 4、/etc ：关键的启动文件和配置文件 5、/home ：用户的主目录 6、/lib ：C编译器的库和部分C编译器 7、/media ：可移动介质上文件系统的安装点 8、/opt ：可选的应用安装包 9、/proc ：所有正在运行进程的映像 10、/root ：超级用户的主目录 11、/sbin ：引导、修复或者恢复系统的命令 12、/tmp ：每次重新引导就消失的临时文件 13、/usr ：次要文件和命令的层次结构 14、/usr/bin ：大多数命令和可执行文件 15、/usr/include ：编译C程序的头文件 16、/usr/lib ：库，供标准程序使用的支持文件 17、/usr/local ：本地软件（用户所编写或者安装的软件） 18、/usr/local/bin ：本地的可执行文件 19、/usr/local/etc ：本地系统配置文件和命令 20、/usr/local/lib ：本地的支持文件 21、/usr/local/sbin ：静态链接的本地系统维护命令 22、/usr/local/src ：/usr/local/*的源代码 23、/usr/man ：联机用户手册 24、/usr/sbin不太关键的系统管理命令和修复命令 25、/usr/share ：多种系统共同的东西（只读） 26、/usr/share/man ：练级用户手册 27、/usr/src ：非本地软件包的源代码 28、/var ：系统专用数据和配置文件 29、/var/adm ：各种不同的东西 30、/var/log ：各种系统日志文件 31、/var/spool ：供打印机、邮件等使用的假脱机目录 32、/var/tmp ：更多的临时空间（在重新引导之后，文件予以保留）

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