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   	 *		// Get the length of a string	 *		$length = Str::length('Taylor Otwell');	 *	 *		// Get the length of a multi-byte string	 *		$length = Str::length('Τάχιστη')	 * 	 *	 * @param  string  $value	 * @return int	 */	public static function length($value)	{	    // mb_strlen-获取字符串长度		return (MB_STRING) ? mb_strlen($value, static::encoding()) : strlen($value);	}	/**	 * Convert a string to lowercase.	 * 将字符串转换为小写。	 * 	 *		// Convert a string to lowercase	 *		$lower = Str::lower('Taylor Otwell');	 *	 *		// Convert a multi-byte string to lowercase	 *		$lower = Str::lower('Τάχιστη');	 * 	 *	 * @param  string  $value	 * @return string	 */	public static function lower($value)	{	    // mb_strtolower-使字符串小写		return (MB_STRING) ? mb_strtolower($value, static::encoding()) : strtolower($value);	}	/**	 * Convert a string to uppercase.	 * 将字符串转换为大写。	 * 	 *		// Convert a string to uppercase	 *		$upper = Str::upper('Taylor Otwell');	 *	 *		// Convert a multi-byte string to uppercase	 *		$upper = Str::upper('Τάχιστη');	 * 	 *	 * @param  string  $value	 * @return string	 */	public static function upper($value)	{	    // mb_strtoupper-使字符串大写		return (MB_STRING) ? mb_strtoupper($value, static::encoding()) : strtoupper($value);	}	/**	 * Convert a string to title case (ucwords equivalent).	 * 将字符串转换为标题大小写（ucwords 等效）	 * 	 *		// Convert a string to title case	 *		$title = Str::title('taylor otwell');	 *	 *		// Convert a multi-byte string to title case	 *		$title = Str::title('νωθρού κυνός');	 * 	 *	 * @param  string  $value	 * @return string	 */	public static function title($value)	{		if (MB_STRING)		{		    // mb_convert_case-对字符串大小写进行转换			return mb_convert_case($value, MB_CASE_TITLE, static::encoding());		}        // ucwords-对字符串每个单词的首字母转换为大写		return ucwords(strtolower($value));	}	/**	 * Limit the number of characters in a string.	 * 限制字符串中的字符数。	 * 	 *		// Returns "Tay..."	 *		echo Str::limit('Taylor Otwell', 3);	 *	 *		// Limit the number of characters and append a custom ending	 *		echo Str::limit('Taylor Otwell', 3, '---');	 * 	 *	 * @param  string  $value	 * @param  int     $limit	 * @param  string  $end	 * @return string	 */	public static function limit($value, $limit = 100, $end = '...')	{		if (static::length($value) <= $limit) return $value;		if (MB_STRING)		{			return mb_substr($value, 0, $limit, static::encoding()).$end;		}		return substr($value, 0, $limit).$end;	}	/**	 * Limit the number of words in a string.	 * 限制字符串中的单词数。	 * 	 *		// Returns "This is a..."	 *		echo Str::words('This is a sentence.', 3);	 *	 *		// Limit the number of words and append a custom ending	 *		echo Str::words('This is a sentence.', 3, '---');	 * 	 *	 * @param  string  $value	 * @param  int     $words	 * @param  string  $end	 * @return string	 */	public static function words($value, $words = 100, $end = '...')	{		preg_match('/^\s*+(?:\S++\s*+){1,'.$words.'}/', $value, $matches);		if (static::length($value) == static::length($matches[0]))		{			$end = '';		}		return rtrim($matches[0]).$end;	}	/**	 * Get the singular form of the given word.	 * 获取给定单词的单数形式。	 * The word should be defined in the "strings" configuration file.	 *	 * @param  string  $value	 * @return string	 */	public static function singular($value)	{		$inflection = Config::get('strings.inflection');		// array_flip-交换数组中的键和值		$singular = array_get(array_flip($inflection), strtolower($value), $value);        // ctype_upper-做大写字母检测		return (ctype_upper($value[0])) ? static::title($singular) : $singular;	}	/**	 * Get the plural form of the given word.	 * 获取给定单词的复数形式。	 * The word should be defined in the "strings" configuration file.	 * 这个词应该在“strings”配置文件中定义。	 * 	 *		// Returns the plural form of "child"	 *		$plural = Str::plural('child', 10);	 *	 *		// Returns the singular form of "octocat" since count is one	 *		$plural = Str::plural('octocat', 1);	 * 	 *	 * @param  string  $value	 * @param  int     $count	 * @return string	 */	public static function plural($value, $count = 2)	{		if ((int) $count == 1) return $value;		$plural = array_get(Config::get('strings.inflection'), strtolower($value), $value);		return (ctype_upper($value[0])) ? static::title($plural) : $plural;	}	/**	 * Generate a URL friendly "slug" from a given string.	 * 从给定的字符串生成一个 URL 友好的“slug”。	 * 	 *		// Returns "this-is-my-blog-post"	 *		$slug = Str::slug('This is my blog post!');	 *	 *		// Returns "this_is_my_blog_post"	 *		$slug = Str::slug('This is my blog post!', '_');	 * 	 *	 * @param  string  $title	 * @param  string  $separator	 * @return string	 */	public static function slug($title, $separator = '-')	{		$title = static::ascii($title);		// Remove all characters that are not the separator, letters, numbers, or whitespace.        // 删除除分隔符、字母、数字或空格以外的所有字符。        // preg_quote 转义正则表达式字符		$title = preg_replace('![^'.preg_quote($separator).'\pL\pN\s]+!u', '', static::lower($title));		// Replace all separator characters and whitespace by a single separator        // 用单个分隔符替换所有分隔符和空格		$title = preg_replace('!['.preg_quote($separator).'\s]+!u', $separator, $title);		return trim($title, $separator);	}	/**	 * Convert a string to 7-bit ASCII.	 * 将字符串转换为 7 位 ASCII。	 * This is helpful for converting UTF-8 strings for usage in URLs, etc.	 * 这有助于转换 UTF-8 字符串以用于 URL 等。	 * @param  string  $value	 * @return string	 */	public static function ascii($value)	{		$foreign = Config::get('strings.ascii');		// array_keys-数组中所有的键 array_values-数组中所有的值		$value = preg_replace(array_keys($foreign), array_values($foreign), $value);		return preg_replace('/[^\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E]/', '', $value);	}	/**	 * Convert a string to an underscored, camel-cased class name.	 * 将字符串转换为带下划线的驼峰式类名。	 * This method is primarily used to format task and controller names.	 * 此方法主要用于格式化任务和控制器名称。	 * 	 *		// Returns "Task_Name"	 *		$class = Str::classify('task_name');	 *	 *		// Returns "Taylor_Otwell"	 *		$class = Str::classify('taylor otwell')	 * 	 *	 * @param  string  $value	 * @return string	 */	public static function classify($value)	{		$search = array('_', '-', '.');		return str_replace(' ', '_', static::title(str_replace($search, ' ', $value)));	}	/**	 * Return the "URI" style segments in a given string.	 * 返回给定字符串中的“URI”样式段。	 * @param  string  $value	 * @return array	 */	public static function segments($value)	{		return array_diff(explode('/', trim($value, '/')), array(''));	}	/**	 * Generate a random alpha or alpha-numeric string.	 * 生成随机的字母或字母数字字符串。	 * 	 *		// Generate a 40 character random alpha-numeric string	 *		echo Str::random(40);	 *	 *		// Generate a 16 character random alphabetic string	 *		echo Str::random(16, 'alpha');	 * 	 *	 * @param  int	   $length	 * @param  string  $type	 * @return string	 */	public static function random($length, $type = 'alnum')	{	    // str_shuffle 随机打乱一个字符串 str_repeat-重复一个字符串 substr-返回字符串的子串		return substr(str_shuffle(str_repeat(static::pool($type), 5)), 0, $length);	}	/**	 * Get the character pool for a given type of random string.	 * 获取给定类型随机字符串的字符池。	 * @param  string  $type	 * @return string	 */	protected static function pool($type)	{		switch ($type)		{			case 'alpha':				return 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';			case 'alnum':				return '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';			default:				throw new \Exception("Invalid random string type [$type].");		}	}}

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